The Lord of the Rings: Difference between revisions
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* ''[[The Two Towers]]'' | * ''[[The Two Towers]]'' | ||
* ''[[The Return of the King]]''}} | * ''[[The Return of the King]]''}} | ||
| author = [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] | | author = [[wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkien]] | ||
| country = United Kingdom | | country = United Kingdom | ||
| language = English | | language = English | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
* [[Fantasy novel|Fantasy]] | * [[Fantasy novel|Fantasy]] | ||
* [[Adventure novel|Adventure]]}} | * [[Adventure novel|Adventure]]}} | ||
| publisher = [[Allen & Unwin]] | | publisher = [[wikipedia:Allen & Unwin|Allen & Unwin]] | ||
| pub_date = {{Plainlist|class=nowrap| | | pub_date = {{Plainlist|class=nowrap| | ||
* 29 July 1954 (''The Fellowship of the Ring'') | * 29 July 1954 (''The Fellowship of the Ring'') | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''''The Lord of the Rings''''' is an [[wikipedia:Epic (genre)|epic]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Lord of the Rings: Tolkien's Epic |work=Tolkien's Art: A Mythology for England |last=Chance |first=Jane <!--Nitzsche, at that time--> |authorlink=Jane Chance |publisher=Macmillan |year=1980 |origyear=1979 |isbn=0333290348 |pp=97–127}}</ref> [[wikipedia:high-fantasy|high-fantasy]] | '''''The Lord of the Rings''''' is an [[wikipedia:Epic (genre)|epic]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Lord of the Rings: Tolkien's Epic |work=Tolkien's Art: A Mythology for England |last=Chance |first=Jane <!--Nitzsche, at that time--> |authorlink=Jane Chance |publisher=Macmillan |year=1980 |origyear=1979 |isbn=0333290348 |pp=97–127}}</ref> [[wikipedia:high-fantasy|high-fantasy]] novel{{efn|[[wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkien]] did not like it when the word "novel" was used to describe his works, but the term is commonly applied. He preferred the phrase "heroic romance".<ref group=T>{{harvnb|Carpenter|1981|loc=letter #329 to Peter Szabo Szentmihalyi, October 1971}}</ref>}} by the English author and scholar [[wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien|J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Set in [[wikipedia:Middle-earth|Middle-earth]], the world at some distant time in the past, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book ''[[wikipedia:The Hobbit|The Hobbit]]'', but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, ''The Lord of the Rings'' is one of the [[wikipedia:List of best-selling books|best-selling books ever written]]<!--See Talk Page-there is no definitive list of best-sellers-->, with over 150 million copies sold.<ref name="thestar">{{cite web |last=Wagner |first=Vit |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/203389 |title=Tolkien proves he's still the king |work=[[wikipedia:Toronto Star|Toronto Star]] |date=16 April 2007 |accessdate=8 March 2011|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309035210/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/203389 |archivedate=9 March 2011}}</ref> | ||
The title names the story's main [[wikipedia:antagonist|antagonist]], the [[wikipedia:Dark Lord|Dark Lord]] [[wikipedia:Sauron|Sauron]], who had in an earlier age created the [[wikipedia:One Ring|One Ring]] to rule the other [[wikipedia:Rings of Power|Rings of Power]] as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of [[wikipedia:Middle-earth|Middle-earth]]. From homely beginnings in [[wikipedia:the Shire|the Shire]], a [[wikipedia:hobbit|hobbit]] land reminiscent of the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the quest mainly through the eyes of the hobbits [[wikipedia:Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[wikipedia:Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[wikipedia:Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[wikipedia:Peregrin Took|Pippin]]. | The title names the story's main [[wikipedia:antagonist|antagonist]], the [[wikipedia:Dark Lord|Dark Lord]] [[wikipedia:Sauron|Sauron]], who had in an earlier age created the [[wikipedia:One Ring|One Ring]] to rule the other [[wikipedia:Rings of Power|Rings of Power]] as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of [[wikipedia:Middle-earth|Middle-earth]]. From homely beginnings in [[wikipedia:the Shire|the Shire]], a [[wikipedia:hobbit|hobbit]] land reminiscent of the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the quest mainly through the eyes of the hobbits [[wikipedia:Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[wikipedia:Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[wikipedia:Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[wikipedia:Peregrin Took|Pippin]]. | ||
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Tolkien's work, after an initially mixed [[wikipedia:Reception of J. R. R. Tolkien|reception]] by the literary establishment, has been the subject of [[wikipedia:Themes of The Lord of the Rings|extensive analysis of its themes]] and origins. [[wikipedia:Tolkien's influences|Influences]] on this earlier work, and on the story of ''The Lord of the Rings'', include [[wikipedia:philology|philology]], mythology, religion, earlier fantasy works, and [[wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien#First World War|his own experiences in the First World War]]. ''The Lord of the Rings'' in its turn has had a great effect on modern fantasy. | Tolkien's work, after an initially mixed [[wikipedia:Reception of J. R. R. Tolkien|reception]] by the literary establishment, has been the subject of [[wikipedia:Themes of The Lord of the Rings|extensive analysis of its themes]] and origins. [[wikipedia:Tolkien's influences|Influences]] on this earlier work, and on the story of ''The Lord of the Rings'', include [[wikipedia:philology|philology]], mythology, religion, earlier fantasy works, and [[wikipedia:J. R. R. Tolkien#First World War|his own experiences in the First World War]]. ''The Lord of the Rings'' in its turn has had a great effect on modern fantasy. | ||
''The Lord of the Rings'' has since been reprinted many times and [[wikipedia:translations of The Lord of the Rings|translated into at least 56 languages]]. The enduring popularity of ''The Lord of the Rings'' has led to numerous references in popular culture, the founding of many societies by [[wikipedia:Tolkien fandom|fans of Tolkien's works]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Gilsdorf |first=Ethan |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/travel/escapes/23Ahead.html |title=Elvish Impersonators |newspaper=[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]] |date=23 March 2007 |accessdate=3 April 2007 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205101604/http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/travel/escapes/23Ahead.html |archivedate=5 December 2007}}</ref> and | ''The Lord of the Rings'' has since been reprinted many times and [[wikipedia:translations of The Lord of the Rings|translated into at least 56 languages]]. The enduring popularity of ''The Lord of the Rings'' has led to numerous references in popular culture, the founding of many societies by [[wikipedia:Tolkien fandom|fans of Tolkien's works]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Gilsdorf |first=Ethan |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/travel/escapes/23Ahead.html |title=Elvish Impersonators |newspaper=[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]] |date=23 March 2007 |accessdate=3 April 2007 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205101604/http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/23/travel/escapes/23Ahead.html |archivedate=5 December 2007}}</ref> and the publication of many books about Tolkien and his works. It has [[wikipedia:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien|inspired numerous derivative works]], including artwork, music, films, television, [[wikipedia:Middle-earth in video games|video games]], and board games, helping create and shape the modern fantasy genre, within which it is considered [[wikipedia:List of novels considered the greatest|one of the greatest books of all time]]. | ||
== Article by Francesco Gnagni == | == Article by Francesco Gnagni == | ||
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Le opere di Tolkien non sono una fuga dal mondo né, tantomeno, vogliono essere una ripresa del mondo della tradizione (esoterica, gnostica o neopagana che sia) ormai considerato perduto e di cui a tutti i costi ci si deve riappropriare in una lotta contro il mondo moderno e contemporaneo così cattivo e decaduto. Il Professore di Oxford ha solo dispiegato la sua fantasia per permettere a noi, in questo momento così difficile, di comprendere che l’amicizia, l’amore, la speranza, il rispetto reciproco, la disponibilità nei confronti di una chiamata, la Pietà, la Misericordia, il perdono, il sentirsi l’uno vicino all’altro in una Compagnia che affronta insieme le avversità, non sono parole vuote ma realtà concrete, storia vissuta in un percorso magnifico e affascinante nella via che conduce alla Terra di Mezzo. | Le opere di Tolkien non sono una fuga dal mondo né, tantomeno, vogliono essere una ripresa del mondo della tradizione (esoterica, gnostica o neopagana che sia) ormai considerato perduto e di cui a tutti i costi ci si deve riappropriare in una lotta contro il mondo moderno e contemporaneo così cattivo e decaduto. Il Professore di Oxford ha solo dispiegato la sua fantasia per permettere a noi, in questo momento così difficile, di comprendere che l’amicizia, l’amore, la speranza, il rispetto reciproco, la disponibilità nei confronti di una chiamata, la Pietà, la Misericordia, il perdono, il sentirsi l’uno vicino all’altro in una Compagnia che affronta insieme le avversità, non sono parole vuote ma realtà concrete, storia vissuta in un percorso magnifico e affascinante nella via che conduce alla Terra di Mezzo. | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
==References== | |||
===Primary=== | |||
{{reflist|group=T}} | |||
===Secondary=== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==Sources== | |||
* {{ME-ref|Biography}} | |||
* {{ME-ref|Letters}} | |||
* {{cite book |last=Drout |first=Michael D. C. |title=J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96942-0 |author-link=Michael Drout|title-link=J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia}} | |||
* {{cite book |last1=Hammond |first1=Wayne G. |author-link=Wayne G. Hammond |last2=Scull |first2=Christina |author2-link=Christina Scull |title=The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion |year=2005 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |isbn=978-0-00-720907-1 |title-link=The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion}} | |||
* [[wikipedia:Christopher Tolkien|Tolkien, Christopher]] (ed.) (1988–1992). ''[[wikipedia:The History of The Lord of the Rings|The History of The Lord of the Rings]]'', 4 vols. | |||
* {{cite book |last=Tolkien |first=J. R. R. |author-link=J. R. R. Tolkien |title=[[wikipedia:The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays|The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays]] |date=1997 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-261-10263-7}} | |||
==External links== | |||
{{commons category|The Lord of the Rings}} | |||
{{Wikiquote}} | |||
{{Wikivoyage|The Lord of the Rings tourism}} | |||
* [http://www.tolkien.co.uk Tolkien website of Harper Collins] (the British publisher) | |||
* [http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/features/lordoftheringstrilogy/ Tolkien website of Houghton Mifflin] (the American publisher) | |||
* [http://sf-encyclopedia.uk/fe.php?nm=lord_of_the_rings_the Lord of the Rings, The] at the [[wikipedia:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy|Encyclopedia of Fantasy]] | |||
[[Category:Fiction (Literature)]] | [[Category:Fiction (Literature)]] | ||